Switch to Russian | ![]() |
1. Using the native language.
2. Compulsory memorization.
3. Teaching grammar, phonetics, and spelling through rules.
4. Shifting the focus to external motivation.
5. Unnatural speech.
5.1. Unnatural situation and context.
5.1.1. Mechanical drills.
5.1.2. Scripts (when the teacher follows pre-learned scripts).
5.1.3. Pair work.
5.2. Breaking down the speech.
5.2.1. In reading. Transcription, phonics, alphabet, individual words and phrases.
5.2.2. In writing.
5.2.3. In listening.
5.2.4. In speaking.
5.3. Unnatural pace and manner.
5.3.1. Preachy intonation, mentoring tone.
5.3.2. Exaggerated clarity of speech. Phonetic exercises, tongue twisters, "wooden" articulation, chants, slow (reduced) pace.